The use of structural adhesives in automotive structures has been increased recently for their role in noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). Therefore, the dynamic behavior of structures containing bonded JOINTs has become an area with numerous investigations over the past decades. Development of accurate formulations capable of representing adhesively bonded JOINT dynamics is a step forward in constructing the numerical models for one of the most useful kinds of JOINTs in industry. Analysis of the adhesive layer between the two parts requires special assumptions which leads to using nonlinear and three dimensional models. Obtaining shape functions for an adhesive ELEMENT by using finite ELEMENT (F. E. ) theory is a complicated and difficult task to do. The complexity is increased when it is assumed that the adhesive ELEMENT is compatible with the plate ELEMENT. In this paper, a new finite ELEMENT formulation is developed for the adhesive layer which does not rely on shape functions and is compatible with the plate ELEMENT. The accuracy of the proposed ELEMENT is evaluated by using numerical and experimental results.

Introduction: Hand function is influenced by various diseases and trauma. Finite ELEMENT Analysis (FEA) is a method used to evaluate the impact of these conditions on the JOINT contact forces of wrist bones. This review aims to assess the feasibility of using FEA to determine the effects of diseases, trauma, and surgical interventions on wrist JOINT biomechanics. Method: A search was conducted in several databases, including Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, Ebsco, Scopus, and PubMed. The primary keywords used in this review were ‘finite ELEMENT analysis’ and ‘finite ELEMENT model’, combined with ‘wrist JOINT’. Results: There were seven studies on using FEA for the wrist JOINT. Three of these studies evaluated the efficiency of various surgical procedures on wrist JOINT stress. The remaining four studies determined the JOINT contact forces in various diseases. Conclusion: The results of the available studies on using FEA for the wrist JOINT confirm the high feasibility of this approach in determining the effects of various diseases or surgical interventions on wrist JOINT contact forces. It appears that various conditions, such as fractures, stroke, and rheumatoid arthritis, increase JOINT contact forces.

In flat plates, a brittle punching failure can rise in connections due to poor transfer capacity of shearing forces and unbalanced moments. Once, the punching shear failure occurs, the resistance of the structure is significantly reduced, which causes the separation of the column and slab which leads to collapse of the whole structure. In the present work, analytical investigations are carried out to study the performance of interior slab – column JOINTs of reinforced concrete multi storey buildings. The connection between slab and column is an essential link in the load resisting mechanism of flat plate building. From the literature reviewed it is clear that paucity of information exists in the area of detailing of slab to column JOINT. Hence an attempt has been made to study the effect of detailing of slab – column JOINT under lateral loading. In order to study the performance of interior slab–column connection, a multistoried flat plate RC building has been analysed and one of the interior slab – column JOINTs is designed. Seismic analysis is performed using the equivalent lateral force method given in IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 [5]. Analytical modelling of the slab– column JOINT was carried out using finite ELEMENT software package ANSYS [1]. The model is analysed under axial vertical load and varying lateral load at the top of the column. The critical stress resultants were observed at the slab – column JOINT.

In this article, a numerical model based on the layer approach is introduced for nonlinear cyclic analysis of two-dimensional reinforced concrete frames. The advantage of the proposed analytical procedure is that it takes the bond-slip, shear-slip and pull-out effects and, also, shears deformation in the JOINTs into account. Bar and concrete stress-strain relations, the bond stress-slip relation and the shear stress-strain relation and, also, their cyclic behaviors are adopted as known specifications. In the modeling, each frame is divided into two types of JOINT ELEMENT and beam-column ELEMENT. The effect of bond-slip has been considered in the formulation of a beam-column ELEMENT by replacing the perfect bond assumption from the fiber analysis method. JOINT ELEMENTs are formulated upon major behaviors including the pull-out of embedded longitudinal bars, shear and flexural deformation of JOINT panels and shear slip in interface sections between JOINTs and neighboring ELEMENTs. The reliability of the method has been assessed through a comparison of numerical and experimental results for a variety of specimens tested under cyclic loading. A good agreement between experimental and analytical results is obtained for both cases of strength and stiffness during the analysis.

One of the disadvantages of sandwich panels is their JOINTs, which usually decrease the efficiency of sandwich structures. The T-JOINT is one the most common JOINT for sandwich panels. This paper deals with the numerical study of the T-JOINT under static loading. The results of FEM analysis are validated by the experimental results available in the literatures. In general, the failure load predicted by the FEM is in good agreement as compared with the experimental results. In the modeling of the adhesive between JOINT components, contact ELEMENTs and cohesive zone material model are used. In addition, damage and core shear failure of the base panel are modeled by using a written macro code in the ANSYS software. Therefore, both failure modes of sandwich panel JOINT are investigated. In addition, the effect of the JOINT geometry and material of the core of sandwich panels on failure modes and failure load are studied. Finally, the results show that changing the material of the core of the sandwich panel increases the JOINT failure load.

Although fossil fuel resources are declining, their use also pollutes the environment. Also, due to the increase in the average wind speed in the world, the use of wind turbines, which are classified in structures with new and renewable energy, will be very cost-effective. Wind turbine towers can be made of concrete, steel, conical, lattice, wood, or multi material. Given that the investment cost to build a wind farm and connect it to the transmission network is 75 to 85 percent, and the cost of building the structure is 15 to 25 percent of the total cost. Steel lattice towers can reduce the cost of building a wind turbine structure by 30 percent and therefore, a complete and correct model for analyzing these types of structures will be very important and economically noteworthy. Wind turbine lattice towers are usually made and executed with bolt connections. In this case, the number of bolts is very high, which increases the need for cyclical and reciprocal loads. JOINT slip in these structures refers to the relative displacement of bolt connection under the influence of force. Therefore, creating a JOINT slip will be inevitable due to the ease and speed of execution in which the bolt hole is made of a larger bolt diameter. JOINT slip increase the displacement of lattice towers So much so that the maximum displacement of the tower is twice as high as that of static methods. And not considering it will destroy the tower and assuming the reliability factor will make it uneconomical. In this type of structure, the tower is often made of angle and single angles are used in cross members and bracing and double angles are mostly used in the bases of lattice towers. With this explanation, in this study, the force curve of the displacement of the of three samples with single angle section in the laboratory and four samples with double angle section in Abaqus software was modeled and were affected by reciprocating loads and then the results of numerical modeling were validated with laboratory samples. In the models modeled in the software, after sensitivity analysis, the type and size of the mesh is precisely minimized the resulting error. In this investigation available data in JOINT slip develops bolt connections which include angles with equal leg. It offers force-displacement curve of different connections for double angles and their connections damping ratio are calculated likewise and the effectiveness of each variable on the slip of the node is expressed in double angles. The results show that JOINT slip occurs during service loads and this effect depends on the number of bolt, the diameter of the bolt, the bolt cross-sectional area, the thickness of the angle and the effective cross-sectional area among these, screw diameter is the most important variable for predicting JOINT behavior. Also, the viscosity damping ratio for single and double angle connections is almost equal and can be assumed to be 42. 5. This ratio increases with increasing number and decreasing bolt diameter. This investigation is beneficial for designing wind turbine lattice towers and in it, provides structure behavior to the designer more accurately.